Heritage · Tsarang
In the footsteps of Ekai Kawaguchi
Hear the story of the Japanese monk who came to Tsarang in 1899 to study Buddhism and Tibetan before crossing secretly into Tibet, and walk the village with his journey in mind. A short, story-led walk for anyone curious about early travellers in the Himalaya.

Ekai Kawaguchi was a Japanese Buddhist monk who wanted to find original Buddhist texts in Tibet, then closed to foreigners. In 1899 he came to Nepal and travelled up the Kali Gandaki, through Tukuche and Marpha, until he reached Tsarang. Here he settled to study Buddhism and Tibetan rhetoric under a Mongolian Buddhist scholar living in the village, staying for many months. It was an extraordinary journey for its time, made alone and with very little money.
As we walk through Tsarang, your guide tells his story: how he lived among the villagers, learned their language and customs, and prepared for the dangerous crossing. In 1900 he went back to Marpha and then crossed into Tibet over a pass in the Dhaulagiri Himal, reaching Lhasa in disguise. He was the first recorded Japanese citizen to travel to Nepal or Tibet. His journey took great courage and patience.
His book, Three Years in Tibet, published in English in 1909, describes the people and places of Mustang as they were more than a century ago. Reading a few pages before your trip makes Tsarang come alive. We finish at the gompa and the canyon edge, where you can imagine the village as Kawaguchi knew it, before the road, the lodges and the trekkers. Free editions are easy to find online.
Good for
Questions
Who was Ekai Kawaguchi?
Ekai Kawaguchi (1866–1945) was a Japanese Buddhist monk who travelled to Nepal four times and Tibet twice. In 1899 he studied in Tsarang, Upper Mustang, before crossing secretly into Tibet in 1900. He was the first recorded Japanese citizen to visit either country, and wrote Three Years in Tibet about his journey.
Where did Kawaguchi stay in Mustang?
Kawaguchi travelled up the Kali Gandaki via Tukuche and Marpha to Tsarang, where he studied for months under a Mongolian Buddhist scholar. He then returned to Marpha before crossing into Tibet over a pass in the Dhaulagiri Himal in 1900. Both Tsarang and Marpha remember his stay.
Where can I read Three Years in Tibet?
Ekai Kawaguchi's Three Years in Tibet was published in English in 1909 and is in the public domain, so free digital editions are available online, for example on Project Gutenberg. Printed reprints are also sold in Kathmandu bookshops. The chapters on Mustang make good reading before or during your trek.
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